مجله پزشکی کوثر
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1383)

In regard to the importance of measuring mechanical properties in studying of wound healing, a tensiometric technique was designed to measure mechanical characterization of the breaking and tensile strengths of linear incision wound healing in the rat. A tesiometer was designed with two clamps, a system of pully and thread, a transducer, water containers and a physiograph. Precision of the instrument was evaluated on 29 skin wounds, made on the back of 29 male Albino rats (200-250gr), 30 days after surgical procedure. Animals were divided into three groups as control 1 (n=10), control 2 (n=10) and trial (n=9), at the begining of experiments, animals were insised 3 cm of fullthickness derm is in the midline of the back. Mechanical measurements were obtained 30 days after surgical procedure in all of animals. In animals of control group 1, mechanical measurements were obtained by a routine method (in vitro). In the trial group mechanical properties of the skin were measured and recorded in vivo by a physiograph. Mechanical properties of the healed wound in control group 2 were measured same as the trial group but two dynamometers were used in horizontal position between one of the clamps in each side of animal. The power of breaking strength was showed by dynamometers. Statistical analyses showed that there was no significant relation between the mean of breaking strength and tensile strength in controls and trial groups. It is concluded that the designed tensiometer has enough accuracy for measuring mechanical properties of wound healing, and is able to record data by a physiograph.

The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the role of NMDA class of glutamate receptors in experience-dependent synaptic plasticity of visual cortex of light)LR(and dark)DR(reared adult rats. Layer IV stimulation yeilded field potentials in layer II/III, consisting of two excitatory postsynaptic potentials)EPSP(called EPSP1 and EPSP2. To induce long-term potntiation)LTP(, eight episodes of primed-bursts stimulation were delivered at 0.1 Hz. NMDA receptor antagonists AP5 and ketamine differently changed the amplitude of baseline responses in slices from LR rats but they were ineffective on those of DR ones. Whereas AP5 did not change potentiation of both responses in LR rats, it decreased the extent of LTP of EPSP2 in DR animals. These results suggest that LTP of NMDA receptor-dependent field potentials in the LR visual cortex are AP5-insensitive, while they are affected by ketamine. Also the drugs were more effective on LTP of EPSP2 in DR group than in LR one. Our findings indicate that dependency of LTP on NMDA receptors and/or sensitivity of the receptors to the antagonists are different in LR and DR animals. These results are consistent with the findings that composition and action of NMDA receptors changes as a function of age and sensory experience.

It seems that nicotine and morphine have similar effects in the nervou system. The present study examined whether interaction occured between the effects of nicotine and morphine by observing if cross-sensitization exists between nicotine and morphine on induction of conditioned place preference (CPP) in female mice.

Female Swiss-Webster mice (W: 20-25gr) were used throughtout and CPP was induced in animals by the Kim method. Sensitization was induced by single injection of morphine or nicotine for three consecutive days followed by five days resting. On the sixth day of the experiments, sensitization was assesed in animals by injection of very low doses of morphine or nicotine.

Subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of morphine (1-10 mg/kg) can produce a significant place preference. Furthermore interapretoneal (i.p.) administration of nicotine (0.5-2 mg/kg) also induced a significant CPP. Administration of opioid (5 mg/kg, s.c. , once daily for three consecutive days and then five day resting) induced sensitization in animals. Injection of ineffective doses of morphine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, s.c.) induced CPP in animals. Injection of ineffective doses of nicotine (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to the morphine sensitized animals also induced a significant CPP. Injection of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.; once daily) for 3 consecutive days followed by five days resting, induced sensitization in animals. Injection of ineffective doses of morphine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, s.c.) induced significant CPP in these animals. Ineffective doses of nicotine (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a significant CPP in the nicotine sensitized animals.

it apears that opioidergic and nicotinic receptor mechanism(s) may be involved in induction of CPP by morphine and nicotine in morphine or/ nicotine sensitized animals.

The study of mammalian cardiac tissue development is hampered by the lack of a suitable in vitro model. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells able to differentiate into derivatives of the three primary germ layers including cardiomyocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ES-derived cardiomyocytes react in respect to the chronotropic activities of adrenergic and cholinergic agents. Mateirals and

Embryonic stem cells of line Royan B1 were cultivated to produce embryoid bodies in hanging drops for 2 days and in bacterial dish for 5 days, then in tissue culture dish for 14 days. Chronotropic characteristics of spontaneously differentiated cardiomyocytes evaluated by isoprenaline (b1- adrenergic receptor agonist), phenylephrine (a1-adrenergic reaptor agonist), propanolol, (b-aderergic receptor antagonist), carbacol (muscarinic receptor agonist) and Bay K (Ca+2 channel activator) during 3 steps of differentiation (early, intermediate and terminal stages). Immunocytochemistry evaluated with antibodies against a-actinin, desmin, troponin I, and connexin 43.

Isopernalin, phenylephrin and Bay K increased the beats/min-1 and carbacol and propanolol reduced the beats/min during different steps. Immunocytochemistry of the cells showed a-actinin, desmin, troponin I and gap jucntion proteins.

These results showed this system can be useful as a test procedure for investigating the action of chrotropic drugs thus avoiding the use of alive animals for the prepartion of primary cultures of neonatal cardiac myocytes and a suitable system for developmental biology studies.

The aim of study was to introduce a new method for purification of the enzyme BamHI endonuclease from bacillus amyloliquefaciens which can be used in molecular biology and genetic engineering laboratories.

The BamHI specific endonuclease was purified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BS2) culture. The productive bacteria grown in specific medium (SLBH) were collected at the end of log phase. The cells were lysed by sonication and the extract was collected. The enzyme was precipitated from cell extract by ammonium sulfide at 45-50% and subsequently dialyzed against 25mM phosphate buffer. It was then concentrated with PEG8000 and was further purified using gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The product obtained there by was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The specific activity of the enzyme was determined by digestion of l phage DNA.

The results indicate that the maximum production of the enzyme was at the end of log phase. Also the cell mass obtained from bacterial culture was more than those reported earlier. The high enzyme activity in this research was due to application of shortened protocol.

The results obtained indicate that the enzyme production in the above medium by the bacteria was satisfactory. The purity of the enzyme was 90%. The enzyme exhibited about 80% specific activity.

ERCP have special application in diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disease. In this study we evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP and complications in a small referral center.

In this cross-sectional prospective study, we registered laboratory tests and sonographic information before and after ERCP. If complication occurrence was suspected, proper diagnostic and therapeutic studies and procedures were done.

We evaluated 214 patients with an average age of 47 years, 41.6% were men and 40% of patients had predisposing disease (as risk factor for procedure). ERCP complications were seen in 10.6% and only 3.8% of them needed the specific endoscopic intervention and 0.6% of them needed surgical intervention.

Complications of ERCP and related procedures in this small referral center were acceptable in comparison to other reports from similar centers. More experiences, technical improvement and instrumental supports might help to reduce complication.

Objectives. Despite their frequency, few reports exist concerning the long-term consequence of battle-injured lower limb amputations of which have been occurred at young age. The aim of this study was to evaluate how well these patients function years after their injury. Material and Methods. The study consisted a throughout assessment and examination, review of the history and war-time medical records of 168 Iranian veteran amputees from imposed Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988), with a comprehensive survey consisted of a detailed questionnaire data was collected. Informations were analized and compared with few limited similar report in the literature. The chi-square test. We used as Statistical measurement. Result. Tripping a land mine or booby trap coused 60.7% of the injuries. The average age at the time of injury was 23.06 years and average age of follow up period was years. Average of follow up was 17 years. The most common level of amputation was below knee (75.1%) symptoms complained by the patient were; 76% phantom, sensation, 30.9% phantom pain and 47.6% stump pain. The prevalence of low back pain and controlateral hip or knee pain were 59.05% and 38.6% respectively. Ninty paitients (35.5%) were or have been employed, 168 (100%) are married, 162 (96.4%) have childeren and 5060 (35.7%) of them are psychological cares and services. Although, we faced with high rate of phantom sensation and phantom pain and stump pain, but significantly lower rate compare to simillar studies. Conclusion. Our’s study showed better condition of Iranian veteran amputees in the field of family status (marriage and having children) and psychological needs but lower rate of occupation or employment in comparison to few counterpart studies in other countries.

Forward head and rounded shoulder are common causes of malalignment. Vertebral alignment affects shoulder posture and shoulder girdle function. The effects of neck and shoulder girdle stabilizing exercises versus traditional exercises, on its functional indices i.e midthoracic carvature, and forward head posture, were studied.

Thirty 18-40 year old females with abnormal upper quarter were selected and alternatively were divided in to two treatment groups, one receiving stabilizing exercises and the other traditional exercises, treatment continued for 18 session. 5 times study indices were objecively measured: once before treatment, three times fortnightly and once two weeks after the final session, as follow up. Shared session inclued stretching shortened muscles, and streangthing and facilitating of the weak muscles.

Before treatment, no significant relationship in functional indices with in groups. In both group, sequential evaluations indicated significant differences as to postural indices. Both groups showed no significant difference regarding functional indices. Stabilization group had greater tendency toward maintanace of the forward head posture. where as traditional group had greater tendency toward midthoracic curvature improvement.

After restoring neck- shoulder girdle complex flexibility to improve and retrain movement patterns and maintain achivements, stabilizing exercises can be used.

A vast number of people in Iran suffer from hepatitis and 3% of the population are carriers. The aim of this study is to assess of HBsAg seropositivity among pregnant women whose husbands had military and a history of battlefield injury and blood transfusion. We studied HBs Ag level-using Elisa is all pregnant women who came to clinic. Mean age, number of pregnancy, number of children, history of abortion, icterus, history of vaccination, husband job (military or non military), history of battlefield injury and history of blood transfussion was recorded. The results were analyzed using t-Test and Chi-Square. In this study 1198 cases were studied. Twenty-two mothers (1.8%) were HBsAg positive. Mean age, number of pregnancies, and number of children in two groups (HBsAg positive and HBs Ag negative) were significantly different. (PV= 0.006, PV= 0.014, PV= 0.005). Their husbands job (military or non military) had a significant effect on HBsAg positivity (2.3% vs 0.8% respectively) (P=0.07). History of battlefield injury also made a difference (5.7% vs 1.8% respectively) (P=0.026). Also, history of blood transfusion because of battlefield injuries had significant effect (7.8% vs 1.4%) respectively (PV=0.002). HBs Ag is more probable in armed forces, therefore, special training is essential.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a frequent surgical procedure which usually has minimal complications. A frequent surgical complication is damage to the palmar nerve (cutaneous branch) and edema. We reported a complication following CTS in a 65 year old women which led to necrosis of skin of the hand due to injection of a local anesthetic (Xylocaine 2% + Bupivacaine) and was referred to our center for treatment. Upon admission clinical examination revealed exposed flexors of the hand and median nerve. The defect spanded 5 cm in length in both hands. The patient was treated using a local ulnar adipofascial rotation flap based on the ulnar artery perforator to cover the defect and after the local infection subsided split skin graft was used to cover the flap.

In this paper we present a 28 year old woman who suffered of multinodular toxic goiter with a solitary nodule in her right lobe of thyroid which its, size was 5×6cm and in her thvroid she has several area with high iodine uptake and one solitary area without any uptake in the right lobe her nodule in the right lobe has frank enlargment which cause pressure symptoms in the neek. Lab tests suggested toxic multinodular goiter and she treated by antithyroid drugs. When the patient became euthyroid state. Then she underwent FNA for her right dominant nodule, but the cytologic study didnot help us to diagnose the problem. For pressure symptoms in the neck the patient candidate for thyroidectomy. After surgery Hydatic cyst of right lobe of thyroid which confirmed by pathologist.